By Deep Earth
Mr. Hussein Lumumba Amin’s assertion that Uganda got a bad deal from the oil and gas projects, and that it will only earn $5 per barrel, is not only factually wrong but does not make logical sense. Mr. Amin ignorantly mixes up the economics of the upstream with the midstream.
To understand the government’s expected take/revenue from the sector, these two segments of the petroleum value chain must be understood/ explained separately.
The crux of his faulty and bizarre thesis is captured below;
“Let’s do the simple maths in five seconds.
Today a barrel of oil costs $60. Now the oil companies will get 70 percent of that, which is $42. And the Tanzanian government charges $12.77 as transit tax for each barrel of oil passing on the Tanzanian portion of the pipeline.
The oil companies and the Tanzanian government take $55 from the $60 dollars of each barrel, leaving Uganda to take only $5 dollars from each barrel of its own oil.
Even a kid will know they have gotten a bad deal.”
If we begin with the midstream, the agreed commercial structure for the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) as per the Shareholder’s agreement is that the project is jointly funded and owned by the Governments of Uganda and Tanzania, and the oil companies. The agreed shareholding is Total with participation of 62 percent, CNOOC Limited at 8 percent, Government of Uganda through the Ugandan National Oil Company (UNOC) with 15 percent, and Government of Tanzania through the Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) agreeing to take up to 15 percent.
Mr. Hussein missed the turn when he presumably added up the 62 percent shareholding of Total BV and CNOOC’s 8 percent in the EACOP and came up with a bizarre 70 percent, which he confused with the petroleum revenues in the upstream.
Equally important to note is that his assertion that the agreed tariff of $12.77 is payable to only Tanzania, is to take an unchartered journey into the abyss. The EACOP Company (of which Uganda is a shareholder) will receive the tariff (transportation charge) and, therefore, Uganda as a shareholder, through UNOC, will partake of any dividends arising from it. The tariff is not paid to Tanzania, which also exempted EACOP from payment of a transit fee, in any case.
For the upstream, government revenues from the oil and gas sector include royalties, profit oil share, state participation, and taxes. The Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) signed between Governments and the Oil companies provide for the sharing of petroleum during production. The International Oil Company (IOC) invests capital to explore and develop the resources. When the production of oil starts, the government first receives a royalty payment of between 5 percent to 12.5 percent depending on the level of production. Then, the next deduction goes to the recovery of the oil company’s costs, which is capped at 60 percent to 70 percent of the remaining ‘oil’ after royalty deduction. The next payment is considered as profit oil, which is shared between the company and Government as per the PSAs. The government also receives corporate tax (approx. 30 percent) on the oil company’s share of profit oil. Government’s total take from the upstream, as per the current PSAs, therefore, ranges between 65 percent and 80 percent. It increases over the years given that there will be less costs to recover.
The overall projected annual revenues from the sector are estimated at $1.5bn to $2bn. Besides the revenues, the expected investments of $15bn over the next four years when construction of the infrastructure will take place, is an immense opportunity for the country through the provision of the required goods and services. In addition, the oil and gas sector will have a positive economic impact on other growth sectors of the economy such as manufacturing, tourism, agriculture, health, among others. It is projected that these linkages will increase Uganda’s revenue/ GDP by $8.4 billion before the first oil.
Whereas we appreciate the interest in the development of the sector, it is important that the information shared should be based on facts. A cursory look at any of the PAU/UNOC/MEMD websites would reveal these basic facts. It is also a sign of strength and not a weakness to consult. The oil and gas sector has the potential to cause positive social and economic transformation in the country and therefore calls for sober and objective discourse.
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